English (UK) 
简体中文(中国) In a blog post today by Bikash Koley, VP and Head of Google Global Networking and Head of Technology and Strategy, Google Cloud for Telecommunications, Google officially announced the contruction of Blue and Raman cable systems, the Blue Submarine Cable System connecting Italy, France, Greece, and Israel, and the Raman Submarine Cable System connecting Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Djibouti, Oman and India.
Both of the Blue and Raman Submarine Cable Systems will consist of 16 fiber optic pairs, and are expected to be ready for service in 2024.
Google also mentioned to collaborate with Italia Telecom Sparkle in the Blue and Raman cable projects. Google didn't released the name of other consortium members. It is said that consortium members hope to make additional landings and connect the Blue and Raman cable systems through terrestrial network assets.
In earlier 2020, Haaretz Newspaper in Israel first reported Google's plan to build the Blue-Raman submarine cable connecting India to Italy through Israel. It is now officially announced by Google.
As shown in the following cable route released by Haaretz Newspaper, the Blue-Raman cable would cross the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia via terrestrial cable. According to Google's announcement, this connection via terrestrial cable hasn't been confirmed. The announcement said "consortium members hope to make additional landings and connect the Blue and Raman cable systems through terrestrial network assets."
According to All Israel News, the following figure shows the updated cable route of the Blue and Raman cable systems, with the Blue Submarine Cable System connecting Italy, France, Greece, and Israel, and the Raman Submarine Cable System connecting Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Djibouti, Oman and India, bypassing terrestrial cables across Egypt，withouth terrestrial connection across Saudi Arabia yet.
Like with other infrastructure projects, building a subsea cable is an opportunity to pay tribute to a regional luminary who has advanced human understanding. The Raman cable is named for Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, an Indian physicist who won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics—the first Asian to receive that honor in science. C.V. Raman’s work centered on light scattering, which finds that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes wavelength and amplitude. This so-called Raman effect is a foundational principle in the field of optics that enables any underwater network cable. A trip across the Mediterranean also prompted him to ask why the sea is blue, when water itself is clear? Thanks to C.V. Raman, we now know that the sea isn’t simply reflecting the sky, but because the water itself causes blue light to scatter.
With Blue and Raman, Google now have 18 investments in subsea cables around the world, including Google-funded cables like Curie, Dunant, Equiano, Firmina and Grace Hopper, and consortium cables like Echo, JGA, INDIGO and Havfrue, etc. For more information about Google's 18 investments in subsea cables, please visit the Complete List of Google's Subsea Cable Investments.
